Lesson
4
Vocabulary
㹺����
��Ҩ������¹���Ѿ������ǡѺ�׹�����ǹ��Сͺ�ͧ�׹�ѹ���
·
cartridge
(n.) - ����ع
·
round
(n.) - ����ع
·
ammunition (n.) -
�١�׹
·
gunpowder
(n.) - �Թ�׹
There�s
gunpowder in a cartridge.
�մԹ�׹����㹡���ع�׹
·
bullet (n.) - ��ǡ���ع
·
firearm
(n.) - ���ظ
Rifles,
handguns and pistols are all firearms.
�׹����� �׹��� ��л׹����ǹ�����ظ������
·
shell
(n.) - ���С���ع
The
shell contains gunpowder.
���С���ع��èشԹ�׹
·
case (n.) -
��͡����ع
·
magazine (n.) - �ͧ����ع
The
magazine holds the cartridges.
����ع��è�����㹫ͧ����ع
·
barrel (n.) - �ӡ��ͧ�׹
Bullets
travel through the barrel when a gun is fired.
����ع��觼�ҹ�ӡ��ͧ�׹������ԧ�׹
·
sights
(n.) - �ٹ��׹
The
shooter looks through the sights when he fires.
�ѡ�ԧ�׹�ͧ��ҹ�ٹ��׹������ԧ�׹
·
firing
pin (n.) - ���ᷧ��ǹ
A
weapon�s firing pin should be inspected properly.
���ᷧ��ǹ�ͧ���ظ��è��ա�õ�Ǩ�ͺ���ҧ�١��ͧ
·
explode
(v.) - ���Դ
·
chamber
(n.) - �ѧ��ԧ
The
round of ammunition is inside the chamber during firing.
�١�׹������ѧ��ԧ��ǧ����ա���ԧ
·
trigger
(n.) - ä¡»×¹
You
must squeeze the trigger in order to fire your gun.
�س��ͧ�˹����䡻׹����͵�ͧ����ԧ
·
hammer (n.) � ���Ѻ
The
hammer hits the firing pin when the weapon is fired.
���Ѻ��з����ᷧ��ǹ��������ظ�١�ԧ
trigger
magazine
chamber trigger
cartridge
/ round
·
essential (adj.) -
�ӤÑ
·
identify
(v.) - �к� ,
���٨��
Can
you identify yourself?
�س����ö���٨�����ͧ���������
·
inner (adj.) -
����
·
outer (adj.) -
��¹͡
The
inner part of the coat is made of cotton, but the outer part is
made of leather.
�������������ǹ��Ӵ��½�������¹͡�Ӵ���˹ѧ
·
adequate (adj.) - ��§��
Do
we have adequate money for this trip?
�ǡ������Թ��§�͡Ѻ����Թ�ҧ���駹�����
·
extreme (adj.) - �ش�մ , ������
·
thorough (adj.) - �����´
You
should have a thorough inspection on this weapon.
�س��õ�Ǩ�ͺ���ظ������ҧ�����´����ǹ
·
troubleshoot
(v.) - ����
His
job is to troubleshoot problems on these machines.
�ҹ�ͧ�Ҥ�͡����Ñ������ǡѺ����ͧ�ѡ�����ҹ��
·
check
off (v.) - ������ͧ����
, �մ�͡
The
teacher checked off the names of the students as they entered the
classroom.
��ٷ�����ͧ�������ª��ͧ͢�ѡ���¹����;ǡ����������ͧ���¹
·
ease (adj.) - ����
·
stationary (adj.) - ����Ѻ���
·
tendency (n.) - �����
John
has a tendency to fail the test because he always skips his class.
������������ͺ�� �����Ҫͺⴴ���¹
·
on
account of (prep.) -
���ͧ�ҡ
The
flight was postponed on account of the bad weather.
����ǺԹ�١����͹���ͧ�ҡ��Ҿ�ҡ�ȷ���������
·
risk
(v.) - ����§
Mark
risks his life to save his wife.
��������§���Ե����ͧ���ͪ�������Ңͧ��
·
detect
(v.) - �׺��
Directions : �����㹪�ͧ��ҧ���¤��Ѿ����仹��
check
off ammunition tendency magazine
trigger barrel thorough troubleshoot
gunpowder stationary adequate risk
on
account of
1. The
amount of food is ______________ for all students.
2. The
soccer game was cancelled _________________ heavy rain.
3. I
need someone to ______________ this computer. It doesn�t work.
4. You
should have a ______________ physical checkup every year.
5. The
____________ on that gun is very difficult to pull.
6. Do
not point the ____________ of your weapon to someone�s face.
7. The
baggage belt is _______________. It doesn�t move.
8. The
firemen _________ their lives when they rescue the children from the fire.
9. Mary has a ______________ to forget
her appointment with Dr. Johnson.
10. Peter shot at the targets until he
ran out of ________________.
����������ҧ��ҧ �ͧ��Ǩ�ͺ�ٹФ�
1. The
amount of food is adequate for all students.
2. The
soccer game was cancelled on account of heavy rain.
3. I
need someone to troubleshoot this computer. It doesn�t work.
4. You
should have a thorough physical checkup every year.
5. The
trigger on that gun is very difficult to pull.
6. Do
not point the barrel of your weapon to someone�s face.
7. The
baggage belt is stationary. It doesn�t move.
8. The
firemen risk their lives when they rescue the children from the fire.
9. Mary
has a tendency to forget her appointment with Dr. Johnson.
10. Peter
shot at the targets until he ran out of ammunition.
Vocabulary Negative
prefixes
�繤ӹ�˹�ҷ���դ������������ ���
���������ö���ӹ�˹������ҹ�� il- / im- / in- / ir- / non- ˹�ҤӤس�Ѿ�����Ǩз�����դ������µç�ѹ����
������ҧ accurate
�١��ͧ inaccurate ����١��ͧ
active �������� inactive �����������
complete
����ó� incomplete �������ó�
sufficient
��§�� insufficient
�����§��
responsible
�Ѻ�Դ�ͺ irresponsible ����Ѻ�Դ�ͺ
regular ���� irregular
�������
possible ����� impossible ��������
polite ���Ҿ impolite
������Ҿ
literate ��ҹ�����¹�� illiterate ��ҹ����͡�����¹�����
flammable �Դ� nonflammable ����Դ�
essential ï¿½Ó¤Ñ nonessential ����ӤÑ
�����ͧ�ҷ�Ẻ���ͺ�ٹФ� ����ҡ���
Directions : �����㹪�ͧ��ҧ���¤��Ѿ����仹��
illegal impatient inactive impolite
impossible irresponsible nonflammable incorrect
invisible illiterate noncommissioned
1. It�s
____________ to enter this house if you don�t have a key.
2. Howard
can�t operate this machine. It�s _____________.
3. I
can�t see that ship. It�s ______________.
4. A
Chief Petty Officer 1 isn�t a commissioned officer.
He�s a _____________officer.
5. It
is ___________ to take someone�s belongings without permission.
6. Janice
can�t finish her assignment on time. She is ________________.
7. Pete
is impolite. He always cuts in the conversation.
8. Maria
is illiterate. She can�t read or write.
9. Tony
can�t stand the children. He is ______________ with the children.
10. Don�t worry about the fire. That material
is __________________.
�ͧ�ҵ�Ǩ�ӵͺ�ٹФ�
����ҡ���ҧ���Դ����������
1. It�s
impossible to enter this house if you don�t have a key.
2. Howard
can�t operate this machine. It�s inactive.
3. I
can�t see that ship. It�s invisible.
4. A
Chief Petty Officer 1 isn�t a commissioned officer.
He�s a noncommissioned
officer.
5. It
is illegal to take someone�s belongings without permission.
6. Janice
can�t finish her assignment on time. She is irresponsible.
7. Pete
is impolite. He always cuts in the conversation.
8. Maria
is illiterate. She can�t read or write.
9. Tony
can�t stand the children. He is impatient with the children.
10. Don�t worry about the fire. That
material is nonflammable.
����Ѻ���ҡó캷���
��Ҩ������¹���ǹ modal �ѹ�Ф� �ѧ�ӡѹ���������Ҥ�
Grammar Modal
review
can am / was or
were going to be unable
to had better |
Can ���ʴ����������
������ҧ I can run 3
miles a day.
She can finish her
assignment on time.
Was / were going to
���ʴ����������ʹյ
������ҧ I was going to
fly to Miami.
He
was going to buy a new apartment.
They
were not going to talk to Tom after class.
Be unable to
���ʴ������������ö��з���
������ҧ I am
unable to drive.
He
is unable to pass the test.
Mary was
unable to come to the party because she was sick.
Had better ������Ѻ�����й�
������ҧ She had better
study hard for the test.
We
had better check your passport before taking the trip.
You
had better not drink alcohol.
���ͧ��Ẻ���ͺ�ٹФ�
Directions : �觻���¤�������� can , was / were going to , be unable to ��� had better
1.
I wasn�t able to find my car keys.
___________________________________________________
2.
You shouldn�t go outside without your
coat.
___________________________________________________
3.
Is it possible to take the bus no. 8
to downtown?
___________________________________________________
4.
Steven intended to buy a new mobile
phone this morning.
___________________________________________________
5.
Should we study hard for the test?
___________________________________________________
6.
It rained so heavily that Sam
couldn�t drive.
___________________________________________________
7.
It�s not possible to get A+ in Mrs.
Johnson�s class.
___________________________________________________
8.
You ought to drink a glass of milk
before bedtime.
____________________________________________________
9.
She didn�t mean to spend all her
money.
____________________________________________________
10.
Josh wasn�t able to hand in his report.
_____________________________________________________
�ҵ�Ǩ�ӵͺ�ѹ�Ф� ��㨴��¹з��Ӷ١����ء���
1.
I wasn�t able to
find my car keys.
I was unable to find my car keys.
2.
You shouldn�t go outside without your
coat.
You
had better not go outside without your coat.
3.
Is it possible to take the bus no. 8
to downtown?
Can
I take the bus no. 8 to downtown?
4.
Steven intended to buy a new mobile
phone this morning.
Steven
was going to buy a new mobile phone this morning.
5.
Should we study hard for the test?
Had
better we study hard for the test?
6.
It rained so heavily that Sam
couldn�t drive.
It
rained so heavily that Sam was unable to drive.
7.
It�s not possible to get A+ in Mrs.
Johnson�s class.
You
can�t get A+ in Mrs. Johnson�s class.
8.
You ought to drink a glass of milk
before bedtime.
You
had better drink a glass of milk before bedtime.
9.
She didn�t mean to spend all her
money.
She
wasn�t going to spend all her money.
10.
Josh wasn�t able to hand in his
report.
Josh was
unable to hand in his report.
���ҡó�����ͧ��������ǡѺ
Get - Passive ��� ��������� get ���ǵ�����¡���Ҫ�ͧ 3 (�١��з�)
Grammar Get - Passive
�����Ƕ֧��á�зӫ���Դ��鹡Ѻ�ҧ������ͺҧ��
������ҧ My
friend got promoted to be a Captain.
The
window got broken because of the stone.
The
vending machine is getting repaired next month.
Michael
gets blamed for doing something bad.
Did
anyone get hurt in the crash?
Directions : �������¤�������ó�������ѡ Get + passive
1. The injured man gets __________ from the
flood.
(rescue)
2. The thief got __________ yesterday.
(catch)
3. A lot of cars get ___________ on the road
on long weekend.
(stick)
4. The
unlucky girl got ___________ in the car accident.
(kill)
5. My
assignment will get __________ tomorrow.
(finish)
6. Jennifer
and Mark got ______________ last year.
(marry)
7. Peter
gets ____________ by New York University.
(accept)
8. Her
car got ____________ in the parking lot.
(hit)
9. Telephone
system got _________________ by the storm last night.
(interrupt)
10. The
prisoners are getting _______________ this Thursday.
(release)
����ҡ��������
�Ӷ١����ء����������Ҥ��
1. The
injured man gets rescued from the flood.
2. The thief got caught yesterday.
3. A lot of cars get stuck on the
road on long weekend.
4. The
unlucky girl got killed in the car accident.
5. My
assignment will get finished tomorrow.
6. Jennifer
and Mark got married last year.
7. Peter
gets accepted by New York University.
8. Her
car got hit in the parking lot.
9. Telephone
system got interrupted by the storm last night.
10. The
prisoners are getting released this Thursday.
���������¹����ͧ
reported
speech �ѹ��Ф��
������Ѻ����� ��������ͧ����ǡѺ�������¹ present perfect
tense ����� past perfect
Grammar Indirect speech reported
present perfect
Present Perfect Tense �
direct speech �������¹�� Past Perfect � indirect speech �ѧ���
Present
Perfect Tense |
Past
Perfect Tense |
has / have + V.3 I have
eaten lunch. |
had + V.3 I had
eaten lunch. |
������ҧ Peter : Has the meeting been
canceled?
Susan : Yes, it was called off.
(Later)
Mark : What did Peter want to know
about the meeting?
Susan : He asked me whether it had
been canceled.
*********************************************
Liz
: How long has Anthony studied
at Oxford University?
George : Since we were in Grade 9.
Anthony : What did Liz ask you?
George : She asked me how long you had studied
at Oxford University.
*********************************************
������ѡ�������¹�ç���ҧ����¤���ǹФ�
�չ���ͧ�ҷ�Ẻ���ͺ�ٹФ�
Directions : �ӻ���¤���仹������� reported
present perfect
1. Peter : I haven�t finished my report yet.
What did Peter say?
Peter said that
___________________________________
2. Mark : Who has been elected president?
Mark asked me __________________________________
3. Eric : Have you ever been to San Francisco?
What did Eric ask Julia?
He asked her ____________________________________
4. Liz : How many times have you read this novel?
Liz asked me ____________________________________
5. Mr.
Johnson : I�ve worked here for 20 years.
Mr. Johnson told her
______________________________
6. Jenny : Do you know where Sam is?
She asked me ____________________________________
7. Jonathan : What kinds of subjects have
you taught?
What did Jonathan ask Stephanie?
He asked her
_____________________________________
8. Bill : I�ve been the head of the
office since 1995.
Bill said that _____________________________________
9. Leo : How much money have
you spent on a new car?
What did Leo ask you?
He asked me ____________________________________
10. Andy : My brother hasn�t called me for
months.
What did Andy tell you?
He told me that __________________________________
��Ǩ�ӵͺ�ٹФ�
1. Peter : I haven�t finished my report yet.
What did Peter say?
Peter said that he hadn�t finished his report
yet.
2. Mark : Who has been elected president?
Mark asked me who had been elected president.
3. Eric : Have you ever been to San Francisco?
What did Eric ask Julia?
He asked her whether / if she had been to San
Francisco.
4. Liz : How many times have you read this novel?
Liz asked me how many times I had read this
novel.
5. Mr.
Johnson : I�ve worked here for 20 years.
Mr. Johnson told her that he had worked here
for 20 years.
6. Jenny : Have you known Sam?
She asked me whether / if I had known Sam.
7. Jonathan : What kinds of subjects have
you taught?
What did Jonathan ask Stephanie?
He asked her what kinds of subjects she had
taught.
8. Bill : I�ve been the head of the
office since 1995.
Bill said that he had been the head of the
office since 1995.
9. Leo : How much money have
you spent on a new car?
What did Leo ask you?
He asked me how much money I had spent on my new
car.
10. Andy
: My brother hasn�t called me for
months.
What did Andy tell you?
He told me that his brother hadn�t called him for
months.
����Ѻ�����¹��� 4 ���稺��§����Ф� ��ѧ��ҷء��ҹ�������㨤��Ѿ��������ҡó��ҧ�
�����ҡ��鹹Ф� ���Ǿ��ѹ������������令��
##########################################################