Lesson 4

Vocabulary

㹺���� ��Ҩ������¹���Ѿ������ǡѺ�׹�����ǹ��Сͺ�ͧ�׹�ѹ���

·       cartridge (n.)  -  ����ع

·       round (n.)   -  ����ع

·       ammunition  (n.)   -  �١�׹

·       gunpowder (n.)  -  �Թ�׹

         There�s gunpowder in a cartridge.

         �մԹ�׹����㹡���ع�׹

·       bullet  (n.)   - ��ǡ���ع        

·       firearm (n.)  -  ���ظ

         Rifles, handguns and pistols are all firearms.

         �׹����� �׹��� ��л׹����ǹ�����ظ������

·       shell (n.)  - ���С���ع

         The shell contains gunpowder.

         ���С���ع��èشԹ�׹

·       case  (n.)  -  ��͡����ع

·       magazine  (n.)   -  �ͧ����ع

         The magazine holds the cartridges.

         ����ع��è�����㹫ͧ����ع     

·       barrel  (n.)   - �ӡ��ͧ�׹

         Bullets travel through the barrel when a gun is fired.

         ����ع��觼�ҹ�ӡ��ͧ�׹������ԧ�׹

·       sights (n.)   -  �ٹ��׹

         The shooter looks through the sights when he fires.

         �ѡ�ԧ�׹�ͧ��ҹ�ٹ��׹������ԧ�׹

·       firing pin (n.)  -  ���ᷧ��ǹ

         A weapon�s firing pin should be inspected properly.

         ���ᷧ��ǹ�ͧ���ظ��è��ա�õ�Ǩ�ͺ���ҧ�١��ͧ

·       explode (v.)  -   ���Դ

·       chamber (n.)  -  �ѧ��ԧ

         The round of ammunition is inside the chamber during firing.

         �١�׹������ѧ��ԧ��ǧ����ա���ԧ

·       trigger (n.)  - ä¡»×¹

         You must squeeze the trigger in order to fire your gun.

         �س��ͧ�˹����䡻׹����͵�ͧ����ԧ

·       hammer (n.) �  ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½Ñº

         The hammer hits the firing pin when the weapon is fired.

         ���Ѻ��з����ᷧ��ǹ��������ظ�١�ԧ

        

 

front sight                                                                              rear sight

barrel           

                        trigger

                                                                            magazine

 

 

front sight                                                                          rear sight

                                            hammer

barrel           

chamber                                     trigger

 

 

cartridge / round

·       essential (adj.)  -  �Ӥѭ

·       identify (v.)  -  ï¿½Ðºï¿½ , ���٨��

         Can you identify yourself?

         �س����ö���٨�����ͧ���������

·       inner (adj.)  -  ����

·       outer (adj.)  -  ��¹͡

         The inner part of the coat is made of cotton, but the outer part is made of leather.

         �������������ǹ��Ӵ��½�������¹͡�Ӵ���˹ѧ

·       adequate (adj.)  - ��§��

         Do we have adequate money for this trip?   

         �ǡ������Թ��§�͡Ѻ����Թ�ҧ���駹�����       

·       extreme (adj.)  - �ش�մ ,   ������

·       thorough  (adj.)  - �����´

         You should have a thorough inspection on this weapon.

         �س��õ�Ǩ�ͺ���ظ������ҧ�����´����ǹ

·       troubleshoot (v.)  - ��ѭ��

         His job is to troubleshoot problems on these machines.

         �ҹ�ͧ�Ҥ�͡����ѭ������ǡѺ����ͧ�ѡ�����ҹ��

·       check off (v.)  - ������ͧ���� , �մ�͡

         The teacher checked off the names of the students as they entered the classroom.

         ��ٷ�����ͧ�������ª��ͧ͢�ѡ���¹����;ǡ����������ͧ���¹

·       ease  (adj.)  - ����

·       stationary (adj.)  - ����Ѻ���

·       tendency  (n.)  - �����

         John has a tendency to fail the test because he always skips his class.

         ������������ͺ�� �����Ҫͺⴴ���¹

·       on account of  (prep.)  -  ���ͧ�ҡ

         The flight was postponed on account of the bad weather.

         ����ǺԹ�١����͹���ͧ�ҡ��Ҿ�ҡ�ȷ���������

·       risk (v.)  - ����§

         Mark risks his life to save his wife.

         ��������§���Ե����ͧ���ͪ�������Ңͧ��

·       detect (v.)  - �׺��

 

Directions :     ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¹ªï¿½Í§ï¿½ï¿½Ò§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½Â¤ï¿½ï¿½Ñ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»¹ï¿½ï¿½

check off       ammunition              tendency                 magazine

trigger           barrel                      thorough                 troubleshoot

gunpowder     stationary                 adequate                 risk

on account of

1.    The amount of food is ______________ for all students.

2.    The soccer game was cancelled _________________ heavy rain.

3.    I need someone to ______________ this computer. It doesn�t work.

4.    You should have a ______________ physical checkup every year.

5.    The ____________ on that gun is very difficult to pull.

6.    Do not point the ____________ of your weapon to someone�s face.

7.    The baggage belt is _______________. It doesn�t move.                

8.    The firemen _________ their lives when they rescue the children from the fire.

9.      Mary has a ______________ to forget her appointment with Dr. Johnson.

10.     Peter shot at the targets until he ran out of  ________________.

 

����������ҧ��ҧ         �ͧ��Ǩ�ͺ�ٹФ�

1.       The amount of food is adequate for all students.

2.       The soccer game was cancelled on account of heavy rain.

3.       I need someone to troubleshoot this computer. It doesn�t work.

4.       You should have a thorough physical checkup every year.

5.       The trigger on that gun is very difficult to pull.

6.       Do not point the barrel of your weapon to someone�s face.

7.       The baggage belt is stationary. It doesn�t move.      

8.       The firemen risk their lives when they rescue the children from the fire.

9.       Mary has a tendency to forget her appointment with Dr. Johnson.  

10.   Peter shot at the targets until he ran out of ammunition.

                  

 

Vocabulary    Negative prefixes

�繤ӹ�˹�ҷ���դ������������ ��� ���������ö���ӹ�˹������ҹ��  il- / im- / in- /  ir- / non-  ˹�ҤӤس�Ѿ�����Ǩз�����դ������µç�ѹ����

������ҧ          accurate         �١��ͧ           inaccurate   ����١��ͧ

                   active            ��������     inactive   ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½Ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

         complete       ����ó�          incomplete   �������ó�         

                   sufficient        ��§��         insufficient   ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½Â§ï¿½ï¿½

                   responsible     �Ѻ�Դ�ͺ        irresponsible    ����Ѻ�Դ�ͺ

         regular           ����              irregular   ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½       

                   possible         �����         impossible  ��������

                   polite            ���Ҿ             impolite  ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½Ò¾

                   literate  ï¿½ï¿½Ò¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½Â¹ï¿½ï¿½                    illiterate  ï¿½ï¿½Ò¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½Í¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½Â¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

                   flammable      �Դ�             nonflammable  ����Դ�        

         essential        �Ӥѭ            nonessential  ����Ӥѭ 

�����ͧ�ҷ�Ẻ���ͺ�ٹФ� ����ҡ���       

Directions :     ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¹ªï¿½Í§ï¿½ï¿½Ò§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½Â¤ï¿½ï¿½Ñ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»¹ï¿½ï¿½

illegal                     impatient                 inactive                   impolite

impossible               irresponsible             nonflammable           incorrect

invisible                   illiterate                  noncommissioned     

 

1.       It�s ____________ to enter this house if you don�t have a key.

2.       Howard can�t operate this machine. It�s _____________.

3.       I can�t see that ship. It�s ______________.

4.       A Chief Petty Officer 1 isn�t a commissioned officer.

He�s a _____________officer.

5.       It is ___________ to take someone�s belongings without permission.

6.       Janice can�t finish her assignment on time. She is ________________.

7.       Pete is impolite. He always cuts in the conversation.

8.       Maria is illiterate. She can�t read or write.

9.       Tony can�t stand the children. He is ______________ with the children.

10.    Don�t worry about the fire. That material is __________________.

 

�ͧ�ҵ�Ǩ�ӵͺ�ٹФ� ����ҡ���ҧ���Դ����������

1.       It�s impossible to enter this house if you don�t have a key.

2.       Howard can�t operate this machine. It�s inactive.

3.       I can�t see that ship. It�s invisible.

4.       A Chief Petty Officer 1 isn�t a commissioned officer.

He�s a noncommissioned officer.                                                   

5.       It is illegal to take someone�s belongings without permission.

6.       Janice can�t finish her assignment on time. She is irresponsible.

7.       Pete is impolite. He always cuts in the conversation.

8.       Maria is illiterate. She can�t read or write.

9.       Tony can�t stand the children. He is impatient with the children.

10.     Don�t worry about the fire. That material is nonflammable.

                   ����Ѻ���ҡó캷��� ��Ҩ������¹���ǹ modal �ѹ�Ф� �ѧ�ӡѹ���������Ҥ�

Grammar       Modal review

can

am / was or were going to

be unable to

had better

 

Can ���ʴ����������

������ҧ          I can run 3 miles a day.

                  She can finish her assignment on time.

Was / were going to ���ʴ����������ʹյ

������ҧ          I was going to fly to Miami.

                   He was going to buy a new apartment.

                   They were not going to talk to Tom after class.

Be unable to ���ʴ������������ö��з���

������ҧ          I am unable to drive.

                   He is unable to pass the test.

                   Mary was unable to come to the party because she was sick.

Had better    ������Ѻ�����й�

������ҧ          She had better study hard for the test.

                   We had better check your passport before taking the trip.

                   You had better not drink alcohol.

 

���ͧ��Ẻ���ͺ�ٹФ�

Directions :     ï¿½è§»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½Â¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½  can , was / were going to ,  be unable to  ��� had better

1.       I wasn�t able to find my car keys.

___________________________________________________

2.       You shouldn�t go outside without your coat.

___________________________________________________

3.       Is it possible to take the bus no. 8 to downtown?

___________________________________________________

4.       Steven intended to buy a new mobile phone this morning.

___________________________________________________

5.       Should we study hard for the test?

___________________________________________________

6.       It rained so heavily that Sam couldn�t drive.

___________________________________________________

7.       It�s not possible to get A+ in Mrs. Johnson�s class.

___________________________________________________

8.       You ought to drink a glass of milk before bedtime.

____________________________________________________

9.       She didn�t mean to spend all her money.

____________________________________________________

10.    Josh wasn�t able to hand in his report.

_____________________________________________________

 

�ҵ�Ǩ�ӵͺ�ѹ�Ф�  ��㨴��¹з��Ӷ١����ء���

1.        I wasn�t able to find my car keys.

 I was unable to find my car keys.

2.       You shouldn�t go outside without your coat.

You had better not go outside without your coat.

3.       Is it possible to take the bus no. 8 to downtown?

Can I take the bus no. 8 to downtown?

4.       Steven intended to buy a new mobile phone this morning.

Steven was going to buy a new mobile phone this morning.

5.       Should we study hard for the test?

Had better we study hard for the test?

6.       It rained so heavily that Sam couldn�t drive.

It rained so heavily that Sam was unable to drive.

7.       It�s not possible to get A+ in Mrs. Johnson�s class.

You can�t get A+ in Mrs. Johnson�s class.

8.       You ought to drink a glass of milk before bedtime.

You had better drink a glass of milk before bedtime.

9.       She didn�t mean to spend all her money.

She wasn�t going to spend all her money.

10.   Josh wasn�t able to hand in his report.

Josh was unable to hand in his report.

 

                   ���ҡó�����ͧ��������ǡѺ  Get  - Passive ��� ��������� get ���ǵ�����¡���Ҫ�ͧ 3 (�١��з�)

Grammar       Get  - Passive

�����Ƕ֧��á�зӫ���Դ��鹡Ѻ�ҧ������ͺҧ��

������ҧ          My friend got promoted to be a Captain.

                   The window got broken because of the stone.

                   The vending machine is getting repaired next month.

                   Michael gets blamed for doing something bad.

                   Did anyone get hurt in the crash?

                  

Directions :     ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½Â¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½Ã³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½Ñ¡  Get + passive

1.        The injured man gets __________ from the flood.

                               (rescue)

2.        The thief got __________ yesterday.

                     (catch)

3.        A lot of cars get ___________ on the road on long weekend.

                           (stick)

4.       The unlucky girl got ___________ in the car accident.

                               (kill)

5.       My assignment will get __________ tomorrow.

                                  (finish)

6.       Jennifer and Mark got ______________ last year.

                                  (marry)

7.       Peter gets ____________ by New York University.

                (accept)

 

8.       Her car got ____________ in the parking lot.

                    (hit)

9.       Telephone system got _________________ by the storm last night.

                                   (interrupt)

10.   The prisoners are getting _______________ this Thursday.

                                       (release)

����ҡ�������� �Ӷ١����ء����������Ҥ��

1.       The injured man gets rescued from the flood.

2.        The thief got caught yesterday.                  

3.        A lot of cars get stuck on the road on long weekend.                         

4.       The unlucky girl got killed in the car accident.

5.       My assignment will get finished tomorrow.

6.       Jennifer and Mark got married last year.

7.       Peter gets accepted by New York University.

8.       Her car got hit in the parking lot.

9.       Telephone system got interrupted by the storm last night.

10.   The prisoners are getting released this Thursday.

                   ���������¹����ͧ reported speech �ѹ��Ф��  ������Ѻ����� ��������ͧ����ǡѺ�������¹ present perfect tense ����� past perfect

Grammar    Indirect speech reported present perfect

Present Perfect Tense � direct speech �������¹�� Past Perfect � indirect speech �ѧ���

Present Perfect Tense

Past Perfect Tense

has /  have   +   V.3

I have eaten lunch.

had   +   V.3

I had eaten lunch.

 

������ҧ    Peter  :    Has the meeting been canceled?

             Susan  :    Yes, it was called off.

                        (Later)                 

             Mark   :    What did Peter want to know about the meeting?

             Susan  :    He asked me whether it had been canceled.

                    *********************************************

             Liz           :    How long has Anthony studied at Oxford University?

             George     :    Since we were in Grade 9.

             Anthony  :    What did Liz ask you?

             George   :  She asked me how long you had studied at Oxford   University.

                   *********************************************

������ѡ�������¹�ç���ҧ����¤���ǹФ� �չ���ͧ�ҷ�Ẻ���ͺ�ٹФ�

Directions :     ï¿½Ó»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½Â¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ reported present perfect

1.       Peter   :   I haven�t finished my report yet.

What did Peter say?

Peter said that ___________________________________

2.       Mark   :  Who has been elected president?

Mark asked me __________________________________

3.       Eric  :  Have you ever been to San Francisco?

What did Eric ask Julia?

He asked her ____________________________________

4.       Liz   :  How many times have you read this novel?

Liz asked me ____________________________________

5.       Mr. Johnson  :  I�ve worked here for 20 years.

Mr. Johnson told her ______________________________

6.       Jenny  :   Do you know where Sam is?

She asked me ____________________________________

7.       Jonathan   :    What kinds of subjects have you taught?

What did Jonathan ask Stephanie?

He asked her _____________________________________

8.       Bill    :    I�ve been the head of the office since 1995.

Bill said that _____________________________________

9.       Leo    :     How much money have you spent on a new car?

What did Leo ask you?

He asked me ____________________________________

10.    Andy :   My brother hasn�t called me for months.

What did Andy tell you?

He told me that __________________________________

                  

��Ǩ�ӵͺ�ٹФ�

1.       Peter   :   I haven�t finished my report yet.

What did Peter say?

Peter said that he hadn�t finished his report yet.

 

2.       Mark   :  Who has been elected president?

Mark asked me who had been elected president.

 

3.       Eric  :  Have you ever been to San Francisco?

What did Eric ask Julia?

He asked her whether / if she had been to San Francisco.

        

4.       Liz   :  How many times have you read this novel?

Liz asked me how many times I had read this novel.

 

5.       Mr. Johnson  :  I�ve worked here for 20 years.

Mr. Johnson told her that he had worked here for 20 years.

 

6.       Jenny  :   Have you known Sam?

She asked me whether / if  I had known Sam.

 

7.       Jonathan   :    What kinds of subjects have you taught?

What did Jonathan ask Stephanie?

He asked her what kinds of subjects she had taught.

 

8.       Bill    :    I�ve been the head of the office since 1995.

Bill said that he had been the head of the office since 1995.

 

9.       Leo    :     How much money have you spent on a new car?

What did Leo ask you?

He asked me how much money I had spent on my new car. 

 

10.   Andy :   My brother hasn�t called me for months.

What did Andy tell you?

He told me that his brother hadn�t called him for months.

 

                   ����Ѻ�����¹��� 4 ���稺��§����Ф� ��ѧ��ҷء��ҹ�������㨤��Ѿ��������ҡó��ҧ� �����ҡ��鹹Ф� ���Ǿ��ѹ������������令��

 

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